The European Union is considering a significant expansion of cooperation with Syria, aiming to support the war-torn nation’s reconstruction, strengthen its security institutions, and pave the way for revitalized trade relations. One of Brussels’ main objectives is to limit Russia’s ongoing influence in Syria, where Moscow has retained key military and economic interests even after the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime.
The proposals come from an EU diplomatic service document prepared ahead of the member states’ foreign ministers meeting scheduled for 16 November 2026. If adopted, these steps could mark one of the most substantial moves toward normalizing relations between Brussels and Damascus.
EU Aims to Bring Syria Closer to Europe
Following the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime in December 2024, Syria has entered a new political era. The European Union has gradually resumed contacts with the country’s new leadership and is exploring ways to support its stabilization.
According to the draft document, however, political changes alone are insufficient. Syria still faces severe challenges in economic recovery, national reconciliation, and the return of millions displaced during the conflict.
Brussels therefore plans to broaden cooperation across several areas. Beyond political dialogue, this will include security, investment, trade, and the restoration of essential infrastructure.
The EU also aims to support a peaceful and inclusive political transition, involving all groups within Syrian society.
Russia Retains Strategic Positions in Syria
The ongoing presence of Russia in Syria is a key reason for Brussels’ renewed interest.
During the civil war, Moscow backed Bashar al-Assad’s government, helping him stay in power. Since his departure, Russia has sought agreements with Syria’s new authorities to preserve its strategic foothold.
This refers in particular to the naval facility in Tartus and the Hmimim airbase. Both are militarily and geopolitically important to Moscow, enabling a presence in the Eastern Mediterranean and wider regional operations.
According to the diplomatic document, although Russia’s influence has diminished since Assad’s fall, its military and economic positions remain a concern.
The EU wants to strengthen its own presence in Syria and offer Damascus an alternative to dependence on Russia and other foreign actors.
Brussels Seeks to Revive Trade Agreement Talks
One of the most notable proposals is the resumption of negotiations on an association agreement between the EU and Syria.
The draft agreement was initially approved in 2008 but was never finalized. Such a deal would establish a comprehensive framework for free trade, political dialogue, and economic cooperation.
EU diplomats, therefore, intend to request a new negotiating mandate from member states to adapt the agreement. The existing text could serve as a foundation, potentially allowing for a faster deepening of relations.
This initiative builds on earlier steps. In May 2026, the EU Council reinstated full implementation of an older cooperation agreement with Syria; its trade provisions had been partly suspended since 2011 in response to Assad’s repression.
A new association agreement would represent a further and broader step in reestablishing ties.
European Investments to Help Rebuild Syria
Syria is in urgent need of massive investment in infrastructure, energy, transport, and other key sectors. Nearly 14 years of civil war have left its cities devastated, the economy weakened, and society facing severe challenges.
The EU wants to facilitate involvement by international financial institutions, with one option being a renewed, more active collaboration with the European Investment Bank.
The EU also intends to support Syria’s bid to become a shareholder of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. This would facilitate future access to funding for reconstruction and investment projects.
Special attention is planned for transport, energy, and digital connectivity—critical areas for Syria’s reintegration into regional and international trade.
EU Prepares Investment Forum in Damascus
Another concrete step is an EU-led investment forum scheduled for 17 November in Damascus.
The meeting will focus on involving the private sector and creating conditions for European investment in Syria.
According to the diplomatic document, the November talks could lay the groundwork for a larger EU–Syria investment conference in 2027.
European officials caution, however, that financial aid alone will not suffice for Syria’s reconstruction. Investors will require security, legal certainty, effective institutions, and a trustworthy business environment.
EU to Provide €620 Million in Aid to Syria
The European Union has already pledged €620 million in financial support to Syria for 2026 and 2027.
The funds are intended for humanitarian aid, socio-economic recovery, and support for the country’s functioning. This forms part of a broader cooperation framework proposed by Brussels after Assad’s regime collapsed.
The support aims to help not only those affected by the war, but also to create conditions for the return of refugees and displaced persons.
The EU has stressed that returns must be safe, voluntary, and dignified. Without restored housing, schools, hospitals, and basic services, many would have no home to return to.
New Plan Depends on Developments in Syria
Though Brussels is preparing a more ambitious approach, deepening relations will not be automatic. The EU is seeking progress in political transformation, national reconciliation, and the creation of functional state institutions.
Respect for human rights and involvement of all segments of society in shaping Syria’s future remain key conditions.
The new plan reflects the EU’s attempt to use the post-Assad period to bolster its own position in the Middle East: helping Syria rebuild, fostering new economic opportunities, and limiting Russian influence.
Ultimately, the critical question is whether these political proposals translate into concrete agreements and investments.
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This article was translated from the original Slovak version with the assistance of AI.
